Tuesday, February 13, 2007

Karnataka Bandh

Yesterday was Karnataka bandh, called by a few pro-Kannada activists. The news reports say that the bandh was total in many parts of Karnataka. In districts like Mandya and Mysore, where people are more emotionally tied to the river Kaaveri ( I do not like splling it Cauvery), there were some incidents of destruction of public property and violence, but it has been peaceful otherwise.
Near my home at Basaveshwaranagar, there was absolute silence. There were a few stray two-wheelers moving about, but otherwise, the roads were so deserted that children were playing cricket outside, without any hesitation. It was nice to see kids playing outside the house, for a change.
This said, was the bandh really necessary? I would accept a bandh as necessary if and only if I had a legitimate demand, and that demand was not even considered by the government. This bandh would have been necessary if the state Govt. were happy to abide by the orders of the tribunal. Now that the Govt. has already decided to appeal against the verdict, where was the necessity to do all that was done yesterday? Bandh is wrong, think of the implications on the economy! This was like cutting the nose to spite the face! Aren't there more effective ways to let others know the opinion of the public? Like hanging placards outside your houses/shops, etc? Writing about it to the almighty - newspaper? Non-violent protest-marches? I suppose asking people to think, would be too much!
Interesting read here -
http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb132007/dhforum.asp

Tuesday, January 30, 2007

ತಮಿಳರೂ ನಾನೂ ಡಾ. ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರೂ

ಕೆಲವು ದಿನಗಳ ಹಿಂದೆ 'ತಮಿಳು ತಲೆಗಳ ನಡುವೆ' ಓದಿ ಮುಗಿಸಿದ್ದೆ. ಅದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಈಗ ಬರೆಯಲು ಪುರಸತ್ತು ಸಿಕ್ಕಿದೆ.

ಪಾಠ ಮಾಡುವವರು ಎರಡು ಗುಣಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದರೆ ಚೆನ್ನ. ೧. ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಮನದಟ್ಟಾಗುವಂತೆ ತಿಳಿಸುವುದು ೨. ಪಾಠವು ಕಲ್ಲಿನ ಹೊರೆಯಂತಿರದೆ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳನ್ನು ರಂಜಿಸುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡುವುದು.

ಈ ರೀತಿ ಪಾಠ ಮಾಡುವವರು ಬಹಳ ಕಡಿಮೆ. ಡಾ. ಬಿ ಜಿ ಎಲ್ ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರು ಈ ಗುಂಪಿಗೆ ಸೇರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ವಿಷಯಪಾಂಡಿತ್ಯದ ಜೊತೆ ರಂಜನೀಯವಾಗಿ ಬರೆಯುವ ಕಲೆ ಕೂಡ ಇವರಿಗೆ ಸಿದ್ಧಿಸಿದೆ. ಇವರ ಹಸುರು ಹೊನ್ನು ಓದಿದಾಗ "ಅಬ್ಬಾ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಸ್ಯಶ್ರೀಯ ಅದ್ಭುತವೇ!" ಎಂದು ಅನ್ನಿಸಿತ್ತು. 'ತಮಿಳು ತಲೆಗಳ ನಡುವೆ' ಓದಿದಾಗ 'ಅಬ್ಬಾ ತಮಿಳರ ಭಂಡತನವೇ!" ಎಂದು ಅನ್ನಿಸಿತು. (ತಮಿಳರು ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಮನ್ನಿಸಬೇಕು. ಈ ಲೇಖನವನ್ನು ನೀವು ಓದುತ್ತಿರುವಿರಾದರೆ ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರು ನಿಮ್ಮಂತಹ ತಮಿಳರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ತ.ತ.ನ ದಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆದಿಲ್ಲವೆಂದು ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಬಲ್ಲೆ).

ನಾನು ತಮಿಳುನಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ದಿನ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಇದ್ದಿದ್ದೂ ಮಹಾನಗರವಾದ ಚೆನ್ನೈ ಯಲ್ಲಿ. ಚೂರುಪಾರು ತಮಿಳಿನ ಜೊತೆ ತೆಲುಗು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಬಂದರೆ, ಬದುಕು ಸುಗಮವಾಗಿಯೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆಯೆಂದು ಹೇಳಬೇಕು. ತಮಿಳುನಾಡಿನ ಬೇರೆಡೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಣಿಸುವ ಭಾಷಾಂಧತೆ ಚೆನ್ನೈ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಎಂದು ಬೇರೆಯವರಿಂದ ಕೇಳಿ ತಿಳಿದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ಆದರೂ ಭಾಷೆಯ ದೆಸೆಯಿಂದ ನಾನು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಪಾಡುಗಳನ್ನು ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ಒಮ್ಮೆ ಪೂಜೆಗಾಗಿ ವೀಳೆಯದೆಲೆಯನ್ನು ಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಹೋದೆ. ನನಗೆ ತಮಿಳಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಅದರ ಹೆಸರೇನೆಂದು ಗೊತ್ತಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆ ಅಂಗಡಿಯಾಕೆಯ ಹತ್ತಿರ ಸುಮಾರು ಸಾಮಾನುಗಳಿದ್ದವಾದ್ದರಿನ್ದ ಬೆರಳಿನಿಂದ ತೋರಿಸಿ "ಅದು ಕೊಡು" ಎಂದೆ. ಆಕೆಗೆ ಅರ್ಥ ಆಗಲಿಲ್ಲ. ತಿರುಗಿ ಕೇಳಿದ್ದಕ್ಕೆ "ತಮಿಳು ಕಲಿತು ಬಾ ಹೋಗು" ಎಂದು ಬೈದು ಕಳುಹಿಸಿದಳು. ವೀಳೆಯದೆಲೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟಳೋ ಇಲ್ಲವೋ ಮರೆತಿದೆ, ಆದರೆ ಬೈಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದು ನೆನಪಿದೆ.

ಮೇಲಿನ ರೀತಿಯ ಭಾಷಾಂಧತೆ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದರೂ ಡಾ. ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರು ವರ್ಣಿಸಿರುವ ಭಾಷಾಂಧತೆ ಬೇರೆಯದೇ ರೀತಿಯದ್ದು. ತಮಿಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ-ಚರಿತ್ರೆ-ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಸಂಶೋಧಕರು ತಮ್ಮ ಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಬೇರೆ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯಲು ಇಷ್ಟಪಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ತಮಗೆ ಬೇಕಾದ ವಿಷಯಗಳೇ ಬೇರೆ ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಜರ್ನಲ್ ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದಿದ್ದರೆ ಅವನ್ನು ಓದುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ತಮ್ಮ ಥಿಯರಿಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇವರಿಗೆ ಇರುವ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ನೋಡಿದರೆ ಧೃತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರನಿಗೆ ದುರ್ಯೋಧನನ ಮೇಲಿದ್ದ ವ್ಯಾಮೋಹ ನೆನಪಿಗೆ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವರ ವಾದಗಳಾದರೂ ಎಂಥವು? "ತಮಿಳು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಬೇರೆ ಭಾಷೆಗಳ, ಅದೂ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಭಾಷೆಯ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಹುಟ್ಟಿತು", "ತಮಿಳು ಎಲ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆಗಳಿಗಿಂತಲೂ, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಭಾಷೆಗಿಂತ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನತರ", "ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೧೦,೦೦೦ ರಲ್ಲಿ ತಮಿಳುಭಾಷೆಯ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಪಾಲಾದವು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅದರ ಹಳೆಯತನವನ್ನು ನಾವು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಿಸದೆ ನಂಬಬೇಕೇ ಹೊರತು, ಪುರಾವೆಗಳಿವೆಯೇ ಎಂದು ಕೇಳಬಾರದು", ಇವೇ ಮುಂತಾದ ರತ್ನಗಳು!

ಡಾ. ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರು ಹೇಳಿರುವಷ್ಟು ಭಾಷಾಂಧತೆ ತಮಿಳರಲ್ಲಿದೆಯೇ ಎಂಬ ಸಂಶಯ ಬರುವುದು ಸಹಜ. ನನ್ನದೇ ಅನುಭವ ಹೀಗಿದೆ. ನನಗೆ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದ ಅಭಿಮಾನವೇ ಇದೆ. ಅಮೆರಿಕದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದಾಗ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಭಾರತಿಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಕರ್ತ್ರಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದೆ. ಇದು ನನ್ನ ಜೊತೆ ಓದುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿನ ತಮಿಳಳೊಬ್ಬಳಿಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಮತಾಂತರ ಮಾಡಲು ಬರುವ ಮಿಷನರಿಯ ತೆರ ಒಂದು ದಿನ ಅವಳು ನನ್ನ ಹತ್ತಿರ ಬಂದು ತಮಿಳು ಅನೇಕ ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಷಗಳಷ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯದೆಂದೂ, ಎಂಥದೋ ಜಲಪ್ರಳಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು ಕಳೆದುಹೋದವೆಂದೂ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಕ್ಕಿಂತ ತಮಿಳು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನವೂ ಉತ್ತರವೂ (Comparative degree ಯಲ್ಲಿ 'ಉತ್ತಮ' ಕ್ಕಿಂತ 'ಉತ್ತರ' ಸೂಕ್ತವಾದುದು) ಆದದ್ದೆಂದೂ ನನಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು. ಆ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯ ಜಾಲಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ನನಗೆ ಕಳಿಸು, ನೋಡುತ್ತೇನೆ ಎಂದು ನನಗೆ ತೋಚಿದ ಬದಲು ಹೇಳಿದೆ. ಆಮೇಲೆ ನಾವಿಬ್ಬರೂ ಬೇರೆ ತರಗತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ್ದಿದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವಳ ಜೊತೆ ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶಗಳು ವಿರಳವಾಗಿ, ಈ ವಿಷಯ ಅಲ್ಲಿಗೇ ಮುಕ್ತಾಯವಾಯಿತು.

ಇಂಥ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗಳು ಬೇಸರವನ್ನೇಕೆ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆ? ಬಾಯಿಗೆ ಬಂದ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ-ಪುರಾವೆಗಳಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಥಿಯರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಿದರೆ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗೆ ಕುಂದುಂಟಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಭಾಷೆಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಭಿಮಾನ ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲ, ಒಪ್ಪುವಂಥದ್ದೇ. ಆದರೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಇತಿಮಿತಿಗಳನ್ನು ನಾವು ಅರಿತಿರಬೇಕು. "ಪುರಾಣಮಿತ್ಯೇವ ನ ಸಾಧು ಸರ್ವಂ" ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯಬೇಕು. ದೇಶಾಭಿಮಾನಭಾಷಾಭಿಮಾನಗಳು ಅಗತ್ಯಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದಾಗ "ನಮ್ಮ ಭಾಷೆಯು ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿತು"... ಮುಂತಾದ ಧೋರಣೆಗಳು ಮನಸ್ಸಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟುವುದೂ, ಈ ವಿಷಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ಯಾಸತ್ಯಗಳ ವಿವೇಚನೆಯಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಹೋಗುವುದೂ ಸಹಜವೇನೋ. ಪಾಪ ತಮಿಳರನ್ನು ಏಕೆ ಅನ್ನಬೇಕು, ನಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲವು ಆಧುನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಜ್ಞರೂ, ಇತಿಹಾಸಜ್ಞರೂ ಮಾತನಾಡುವುದು ಇದೇ ಧಾಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ. ಹುರುಳಿಲ್ಲದ ಬಾಲಿಶವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ಮಂಡಿಸಿ ಈ ವಿಷಯಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆಯೇ ಇತರರಿಗೆ ಅಸಡ್ಡೆ ಬರುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಹೀಗಾದಾಗ, ಆ ಭಾಷೆ-ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಿಜವಾದ ಕಳಕಳಿ ಮತ್ತು ಅಭಿಮಾನವಿರುವವರಿಗೆ ತಲೆ ಚಚ್ಚಿಕೊಳ್ಳೋಣವೆಂದು ಅನ್ನಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.

ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ರೀತಿಯಾದರೆ ಸಂಗೀತದಲ್ಲಿ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ತಮಾಷೆ. ಸಂಗೀತದ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿಗಳು ತಮಿಳುನಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿಯೇ ಹುಟ್ಟಿ ಬೆಳೆದದ್ದು. ಆದರೆ ಅವರ ಬಹುತೇಕ ರಚನೆಗಳು ತೆಲುಗಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತದಲ್ಲಿ ಇವೆ. ತಮಿಳಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇರುವುದರಿಂದ ಮಿಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆಯುವುದೂ, ಬರೆದದ್ದನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದೂ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪ್ರಯಾಸ. ಈಗ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ, ಭಾರತಿಯರ್ ಎಂದು ತಮಿಳಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆಯಲು பாரதியர் ಎಂದು ಬರೆದರೆ ಅದು ಪಾರದಿಯರ್ ಆಗಬಹುದು ಅಥವಾ ಪಾರತಿಯರ್ ಕೂಡ ಆಗಬಹುದು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ, ತಿಳಿಯದ ಬೇರೆ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಓದಬೇಕಾದರೆ ಊಹೆಯನ್ನೇ ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಬೇಕು. (ಗ್ರಂಥ ಎಂಬೊಂದು ಲಿಪಿ ಇದ್ದಿದ್ದು, ರಾಜಕೀಯಕಾರಣಗಳಿಂದಾಗಿ ಅದನ್ನು ಉಪಯೋಗಿಸದೆ ಇರುವುದು ಬೇರೆ ವಿಚಾರ.) ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ-ತೆಲುಗು-ಕನ್ನಡದ ಕೃತಿಗಳು ತಮಿಳು ಸಂಗೀತಗಾರರ ಬಾಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಚಿತ್ರರೂಪಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತವೆ. 'ನಾರದ-ಬಯಗರ' ಎಂದು ವಿಷ್ಣುವನ್ನು ವರ್ಣಿಸಿದ್ದನ್ನು ('ಸಾರಸಾಕ್ಷ ಪರಿಪಾಲಯ ಮಾಂ' ಎಂಬ ಪಂತುವರಾಳಿಯ ಕೃತಿ) ಕೇಳಿ "ವಿಷ್ಣು ನಾರದನಿಗೆ ಯಾವಾಗ ಭಯ ಹುಟ್ಟಿಸಿದ?" ಎಂದು ಚಿಂತಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಗ ಹೊಳೆದದ್ದು - ಅದು ನಾರದ-ಭಯಹರ ಎಂದು! ಶುದ್ಧ ತಮಿಳಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಕಾರವಿಲ್ಲ. ಈಗೀಗ ಹಕಾರದ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಆದರೂ ಮಾತನಾಡುವಾಗ ಮಹೇಶ ಮಗೇಸನಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಇದು ತಮಿಳಿನ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಬಹುದೇನೋ. ಆದರೆ ಸಂಗೀತವನ್ನು ನೂರಾರು-ಸಾವಿರಾರು ಜನರ ಮುಂದೆ ಹಾಡುವ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆ ಸರಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ ಚೆನ್ನ. ಒಂದು ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ವಿಷಯವೆಂದರೆ ಯುವ-ಸಂಗೀತಗಾರರ ಸಂಗೀತದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣಾ-ದೋಷ ಕೇಳಿಬರುತ್ತಿಲ್ಲವೆಂದು ಕೇಳಿದ್ದೇನೆ.

ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಹಾಸ್ಯಭರಿತವಾದ ಪುಸ್ತಕವನ್ನು ಓದಬೇಕೆಂದು ತ.ತ.ನ ವನ್ನು ಕೈಗೆತ್ತಿಕೊಂಡರೂ ನಿರಾಸೆಯಾಗದಷ್ಟು ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಡಾ.ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರು ಹಾಸ್ಯದ ಮಧ್ಯೆಯೇ ವಿಚಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಣೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಪುರಂದರದಾಸರ (ಬುರಂತರ ತಾಶರ) ಆರಾಧನೆಯ ಬಗೆಗಿನ ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ ಓದುತ್ತಿದ್ದರಂತೂ ಹೊಟ್ಟೆ ಹುಣ್ಣಾಗುವಷ್ಟು ನಗು ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವರ ಹಸುರು ಹೊನ್ನಿನಲ್ಲೂ ಇದೇ ರೀತಿಯ ಹಾಸ್ಯ ತುಂಬಿದೆ. ಈ ಹಾಸ್ಯ ಸಹಜವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಘಟನೆಗಳು ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ನಡೆದವೇ ಇರಬೇಕು (ಹಸುರು ಹೊನ್ನಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರುವ ಕತ್ತೆಗಳ ವಿಷಯ ಕೂಡ ನಿಜವಾಗಿ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದೇ?... ತಿಳಿದವರು ಹೇಳಿದರೆ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯದು).

ಡಾ.ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರ ಇತರ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳಾದ "ನಮ್ಮ ಹೊಟ್ಟೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ" ಮತ್ತು "ಕಾಲೇಜು ರಂಗ" ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿವೆ. ಅವನ್ನೂ ಓದಲೇಬೇಕು ಎಂಬಷ್ಟು ಡಾ.ಸ್ವಾಮಿಯವರ ಬರೆಹ ಇಷ್ಟವಾಗಿದೆ. ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಮಯ ಯಾವಾಗ ಸಿಗುತ್ತದೆಯೋ ತಿಳಿಯದು.

Tuesday, January 09, 2007

kathAmRita - The nectar of stories

Recently, I read kathAmR^ita, A.R.Krishnashastri's Kannada precis-translation of the kathAsaritsAgara of sOmadEva, which is again a translation of guNADhya's bR^ihatkathA written in paishAcI. It was a jolly read, and mighty thought-provoking too. After I read it, I realized why Dr. Ganesh said that if one wanted to see celebration of life, it was in works like kathAmR^ita.

This was not my first reading of kathAmR^ita. I had read it when I was very young - probably in my third or fourth grade. My aunt saw me reading this book, and told my Mom about it - "She turned the page, and it was so dirty!!". I was then too young to glean anything from the stories I read... I just read them because they were stories. This time, though, it was different.

kathAmRita means 'nectar of stories'. The main story is that of naravAhanadatta, son of udayana and vAsavadattA, predicted to rule the vidyAdhara kingdom for one kalpa. udayana and vAsavadattA and their ministers are made immortal in bhAsa's plays 'svapnavAsavadattam' and 'pratijnAyaugandharAyaNam'. Both of them are based on bR^ihatkathA. The all-time classic pa~Jcatantra and vEtAlapa~JchavimshatI (the famous vikram and bEtAl) have their roots in the bR^ihatkathA. In fact, guNADhya's life-history itself (why he stopped using samskR^itam and took to paishAcI) is a very interesting story. The king of whom guNADhya was serving, outsmarted by his wife, wanted to learn samskR^itam as soon as possible. guNADhya said that he could teach him in 6 years, while vararuci, another celebrated grammarian of his time, said that he could do it in six months. guNADhya challenged him, saying that he would not use samskR^itam if he did it. guNADhya lost the bet and gave up samskR^itam. The slighted guNADhya left for the forest and met the pishAcha kANabhUti and heard seven stories of seven vidyAdharas. He wrote them in paishAchI language and took it to the king. The king, well versed in samskrt now, refused to read a work that was written in a lowly language. guNADhya then started reading his stories to the animals of the forest and destroying them in the fire. The animals absorbed in the stories, forgot eating and drinking. The king, surprised at the lean meat served to him, learned that guNADhya was the reason for the lean-ness of the animals. He immediately went to the forest to make peace with guNADhya. guNADhya was then reading out the last story, that of naravAhanadatta. The king obtained the manuscript of that story and made it famous in his kingdom.

In the kathAsaritsAgara, the characters in the main story relate stories of other characters who in turn relate others' stories and so on, like a stack. You keep pushing stories in and then pop them out. There are stories of merchants, kings, poor people, learned brahmins, thieves, fools, prostitutes, kulastrIs, yOginis, bEtALas, adventurers, devotees and what not. The diverse nature of the stories makes it extremely enjoyable. Only in a collection like kathAmR^ita can you find the story of a bOdhisattva immediately after the story of fools. This is, in a way, the great thing about kathAmRita. Nothing is embellished. There is no meaningless orthodoxy and sentimentality. Nothing is looked down upon. The importance of dharma is stressed, but it does not feel like dry preaching.

Tragedies are rare, almost non-existent in traditional Indian literature. In many stories of the kathAmRita, even partners who have died come back to life through the grace of some deity. The Indian mentality is really amazing. In spite of the hardships faced by men and women (at least in stories), they nurse the hope of a better future for themselves and their loved ones. No story ends in separation or death. Here, all journeys really end in lovers' meeting. If a son or a wife or a parent is lost in the beginning of the story, you can be sure that he/she/they will be found miraculously before the story ends. The same trait is seen in Indian cinema also. We are not used to tragedies, however convincing they may be. A while ago, I was reading Steinbeck's "Pearl", and was desperately hoping that the Sea-Goddess or something or someone would come and make the dead baby alive again. Yesterday, I was watching 'ondu muttina kathe', directed by Shankar Nag. It is an Indian adaptation of "Pearl". I found it very difficult to watch the movie, because of the horrible things that happen to Kino and his wife. It is my Indian upbringing, you see... Sorry for digressing, but the point I wanted to make was that the Indian mind is not comfortable with tragedies. Bhavabhuti, in his uttararAmacharitam, united sItA with rAma, though tradition says that sItA was absorbed by Mother Earth. Kalidasa does not end raghuvamsha with agnivarNa's death, but with the coronation of his unborn child. Endings of stories are similar even in kathAmRita. This is in stark contrast with western literature, where tragedies are very common. Even western religion is gloomy, in that the End of Days and the Judgement Day are given a lot of importance.

The very appealing thing about kathAmRita is that many of the characters are not black and white, but different shades of grey. This kind of characterization is really an achievement. Nobody can be fully evil or really angelic. This grey nature of humans is what makes life so interesting. That is what makes kathAmRita interesting, too.

One point I really want to write about is the extoling of dharma in the book. There are some principles like "ahimsA satyamasteyam brahmacharyam dhRutiH kShamA", that need to be followed always, everywhere. But as far as my understanding goes, social laws a few centuries ago (my sources are a few books that I have read and some discussions with people I consider very learned) were not as stringent as they are now. That is thankfully changing, but imo this change is making people rootless. What we need is a change for the better, while being rooted firmly. When it comes to inheritance rights and marital rights, Indian society was far advanced than it is now.

When I was reading through the preface of the kathAmRita, I was very angry with the way women were thought of. A woman is always expected to be obliging and pleasing and be pleased, and docile and what not. I do not know when this sort of thinking started, but when I read through kathAmrita, I found more instances of confident and free women than I did of docile women. Probably this was the way of the society then. They probably enjoyed much more rights than we do now. Was it because it was much safer then than it is now? I do not know! I do not want to dwell on this topic, for fear of being labelled a feminist.

A fitting end to the story is the going back of guNADhya and others to kailAsa. After all, after the joys and sorrows of life, that is the goal!

Friday, December 22, 2006

'A Little Cloud' by James Joyce

Today I read a beautiful story called 'A little cloud' by James Joyce. It is one of the stories in his 'Dubliners'. I hope to write about the collection itself some other time, but this story touched me so much that I just am not able to keep myself from writing about it.
'A little cloud' is about a timid man named Chandler, working as a clerk at an office. The little cloud is brought on by an old acquaintance, Gallaher. Gallaher was a no-good youth who has made worldly fortune by working in the press. When C. meets G., he(C.) wonders why he did not go away elsewhere, and become a writer like (or better than) G., he being a man of better birth and education. He blames his timidity for his failures in life. He goes home, and regrets marrying his wife. He resents his son, a small baby, for not allowing him to read, and yells at him when he cries. And then he feels sorry for everything. The cloud passes.
The story itself is very simple, but touches one profoundly. I am sure many people go through the emotions C. did. I have, at least, and know some people who did, too. Jealousy is a very, very basic human instinct. So is exhibitionism. If you are expected to turn out bad, but you don't, you will want show people that they were wrong. That is a rule. And if you meet someone who turned out better than you, you'll want to be in his/her shoes. That's a rule too. It is like shopping for a saree. One can almost always gets a good pick if (s)he looks at what others are buying. (aside: I do not know if men experience the same thing... do they?)
Why is human nature like this? We always find the *necessity* to be better than our peers, to own bigger houses and faster cars and try to make our kids do better than theirs. Is it good? Is it bad? I do not know.. It is just a fact of life, and we have to live with it.

Friday, July 30, 2004

Joonu and civic sense

Indians do not have civic sense! Sorry, I have to correct that. Indians do not have civic sense when they (I mean we) are in India. That is just a plain and simple fact. Outside our country, we are the best-behaved people.

I want to relate an experience I had a few years ago. I was travelling with a marriage party from Bangalore to Mysore. My aunt had prepared snacks and put them in small plastic covers for all of us to eat on the way. All of us ate them, and I saw that everybody was throwing the plastic covers out of the window of the moving bus. Now, I was and still am, conscious about such things. One reason is that it is dirty, and I will presently relate the second reason.

We were two neighbours in a not-so-populated place in Bangalore. There were two puppies of a dog, and both of us adopted each. After a while, our neighbour stopped keeping the dog in their house because they thought that it was somewhat dirty. Now, I am fond of all kinds of animals (a bit scared of them initially, though). I used to visit my place in Bangalore every few days, from Madras. Our dog and this dog (Joonu was his name) used to rush to welcome me when they saw me at the corner of the street. Once, when I came home, I realized that nobody was home and that everybody had gone to a relatives house. All this time, Joonu was with me. He was already kicked out of his owners' house and had nowhere to go. He walked with me while I was looking for an auto. All stray dogs were picking fights with him and he would respond to them. He desisted only when I called him off. I was feeling very sorry at his state. The breaking point was when I got the auto. He tried to get in. I told him to go away, and gave him some bread. Nevertheless, he still wanted to come with me. All he wanted was some company! Unfortunately, I could not, or thought I could not take him in an auto to my relatives' house! It is one instance when I have felt very emotional. Anyways, sometime after this, Joonu died because he ate a plastic cover thrown by somebody.

I was planning to make this a blog about civic sense, but look what I did! Anyway, getting back to where I deviated. I saw people throwing plastic covers, and collected them. Then I had an argument with this person, an educated and well-to-do man. He asked me why I was doing what I was doing. I told him that it was not right to throw plastic everywhere and that I would collect them all and dump them in a dustbin when we stopped. Then, my shortsightedness made me tell him that a dear dog of mine died because he ate plastic, and that many cows die every year because of the same reason. Then he said, "Look, it was the dog's karma that made him eat the plastic. Why should you worry about it?"...!! I did not know what to say. Now I can think of at least ten retorts, but I was just tongue-tied then!

We stopped at a place some two hours from Bangalore. I, with all the collected plastic covers and with a great sense of achievement, went to dispose of them in the way they were intended to. But I could not find a dustbin! There just was no dustbin! I just had to dump them on a garbage pile next to the road.

The question is whether we start collecting plastic, or arrange for dustbins first. If there are dustbins, people will dump garbage in the bins. But on the other hand, unless people start collecting plastic, there is no reason to have a dustbin! It is the chicken-and-egg problem.

Monday, July 05, 2004

Mission Saturn

Mission Saturn: Catastrophe in waiting?

Boy, are these people for real? I cannot imagine how people can think (now, are these people really thinking?) like this. One astrologer mouths about the Cassini mission "Man will never reach there. He will be destroyed before that. He should not even attempt to build such enmity with nature and, least of all, with such powerful planets". Another's pearls of wisdom go like this "Those monitoring the spacecraft will definitely be affected". And I do not even want to go into the psyche of the journalist who thought that this was worth being published. There were a couple of astrologers who held a different view, but as always, imbecility of imbeciles outshadows sanity of normal people.

I believe in Astrology, but I believe more in Freewill. Astrology can probably give a direction to our lives, but what we make of it is left to US. I have seen some people with supposedly great horoscopes choosing to make their lives miserable and what is worse, succeeding there. The problem with Astrology is that it gives lazy people a convenient excuse for their misery. Hey, working is hard. Do not work; just blame the poor planets for being unsuccessful!

Coming to this news item, is the theory that shani is vindictive, excuse enough for stalling the mission?. The mission itself obviously requires enormous amount of work. My professor is working on the Cassini mission to Saturn, and I read some papers about it. It is really, really involved and one must be perseverant and really, really learned to do that stuff. And it indeed distresses me that the so-called astrologers actually say these things about the mission in an offhandedly and irresponsible way.

Recently, I was watching a program on PBS, about Galileo. Galileo had a lot of opposition from the church for supporting Copernicus's heliocentric theory. In a letter, Galileo said, and I quote "But I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason and intellect has intended us to forego their use and by some other means to give us knowledge which we can attain by them”. The same argument holds here. With all the technologies available today, let us expand our horizons. Let us know, or at least try to know everything there is to know about everything. Let us not lose the curiosity we had when we were children. It is a wonderful thing!

Saturday, July 03, 2004

FrontPage magazine.com :: How the West Grew Rich by Dinesh D'Souza

FrontPage magazine.com :: How the West Grew Rich by Dinesh D'Souza
ಈ ಲೇಖನದ ಲೇಖಕ "oreo" ಅಥವಾ "coconut" ಎಂದು ಖ್ಯಾತನಾದವನು. ಇದರ ಅರ್ಥವೇನೆಂದರೆ ಮೇಲುಗಡೆ ಕಪ್ಪು ಚರ್ಮವಿದ್ದರೂ ಒಳಗಡೆಯ ಯೋಚನೆಗಳೆಲ್ಲಾ ಯೂರೋಪಿಯನ್ನರ ತೆರ, ತಾನು ಯೂರೋಪಿಯನ್ನರಂತೆ ಎನ್ನುವ ಹುಸಿ ಹಮ್ಮು. ಇವನನ್ನು ಹೀಗೇಕೆ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆಂದು ಈ ಒಂದು ಲೇಖನವನ್ನು ಓದಿದರೆ ಸಾಕು, ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

ನನ್ನ ಹಿಂದಿನ ಒಂದು ಬ್ಲಾಗ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಜಪಾನ್ ಮತ್ತು ಭಾರತದ ಆತ್ಮವನ್ನೇ ಕೊಳ್ಳೆ ಹೊಡೆದದ್ದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಎಂದು ಬರೆದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ಈ ಮನುಷ್ಯನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಆ ರೀತಿ ಕೊಳ್ಳೆ ಹೊಡೆದರೂ ಪರವಾಗಿಲ್ಲವಂತೆ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಅನಂತರದ ಪೀಳಿಗೆಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ, ಡೆಮಾಕ್ರಸಿ ಮುಂತಾದ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಗಳು ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷರಿಂದಲೇ ಅಂತೆ ಸಿಕ್ಕಿದ್ದು. ಈ ವಾದದಲ್ಲಿ ಹುರುಳೇ ಇಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು ಕಷ್ಟವಲ್ಲ.

ನಾನು ಬಹಳ ಜನರ ಜೊತೆ ವಾದಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ, ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ. ಬಹಳ ಜನರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಧನೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯರ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವಾದ ನಂತರವೇ ಎಂದು. ಈ ವಿಚಾರ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪವೂ ಸರಿಯಿಲ್ಲ. ಭಾರತ ಕೇವಲ "ಶೂನ್ಯ"ವನ್ನು ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯಲಿಲ್ಲ. Linear indeterminate equations ಎನ್ನುವ ಒಂದು ಜಾತಿಯ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸುವ ಪದ್ಧತಿ ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ೧೨ ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡು ಹಿಡಿಯಲಾಯಿತು. "ಕುಟ್ಟಕ" ಎಂದು ಈ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯ ಹೆಸರು. ಆದರೆ ಈಗ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಲ್ಲಿ ಇದನ್ನು ಏನೆಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ ಗೊತ್ತೆ? "Diophantine Equations" ಎಂದು! ಹಾಗೆಯೇ Quadratic indeterminate equations ಎನ್ನುವ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು "ವರ್ಗಪ್ರಕೃತಿ" ಎಂಬ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯನ್ನು ಉಪಯೋಗಿಸಿ ಬಿಡಿಸುವುದೂ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟು ಪಡೆಯಿತು. ಈ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು "Fermat Equations" ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ! ಹೋಗಲಿ ಎಂದರೆ Fermat ಈ ಸಮೀಕರಣಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಲೂ ಇಲ್ಲ, ಕೇವಲ propose ಮಾಡಿದ ಅಷ್ಟೆ! ಬೌಧಾಯನ ಸೂತ್ರ ಅಥವಾ Pythagoras theorem ಅಂತೂ ಸರ್ವವಿದಿತ. ಇನ್ನು ವರಾಹಮಿಹಿರ (೯ ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ) ಗ್ರಹಣಗಳ ಸಮಯಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯುವುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು ಮೊದಲಿಗ. ಇದನ್ನು ಯಾರಾದರೂ ನೆನೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆಯೇ? ಇಲ್ಲ! ಪ್ರಪಂಚದ ವಯಸ್ಸನ್ನು ೮.೪ ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ ವರ್ಷಗಳು ಎಂದು ಪ್ರಪ್ರಥಮವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರತಿಪಾದಿಸಿದ್ದು ನಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ. Trigonometry ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕೂಡ ನಮ್ಮ ಗಣಿತಜ್ಞರು ಸಾಧನೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡಿದ್ದರು. ಇವೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ತಿಳಿಯದಿದ್ದರೆ ಈ ಲೇಖಕನಂತೆ ignorant ಆಗಿರುತ್ತೇವೆ ಅಷ್ಟೆ.

ಇದೆಲ್ಲ ಸರಿ, ಆದರೆ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತ ಬಹಳ ಹಿಂದುಳಿದಿತ್ತು, ಅದನ್ನು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು ಉದ್ಧರಿಸಿದರು ಎಂದು ಬಹಳ ಜನರ ವಾದ. ಇದರಲ್ಲೂ ಹುರುಳಿಲ್ಲ. ೧೭ ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಮುಂಚೆ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಂದುವರೆದಿತ್ತೆ? ಖಂಡಿತ ಇಲ್ಲ. ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ನಿನ Industrial Revolution ಗೆ ಹಣ ಮತ್ತು ಮೂಲ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಗಳು ಬಂದಿದ್ದು ಭಾರತ, ಮುಂತಾದ ದೇಶಗಳಿಂದಲೇ. ಈ ಮೂಲ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಅತಿನೀಚ ಕೃತ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಎಸಗಿತು. ಕೇವಲ cash crops ಅನ್ನು ಬೆಳೆಯುವಂತೆ ಆದೇಶಿಸಿ ಜನರಿಗೆ ಊಟವಿಲ್ಲದಂತೆ ಮಾಡಿತು. ಇನ್ನು ಹಣದ ಮಾತು: ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಕ್ಲೈವ್ ನ ಕೊಳ್ಳೆ ಇತ್ತೀಚೆಗೆ ಮಿಲಿಯಗಟ್ಟಲೆ ಪೌಂಡುಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾರಾಟವಾಯಿತು. ಈ ದುರಾಚಾರಗಳನ್ನೆಲ್ಲ ಮರೆತು DD ಯಂಥವರು ಅದು ಹೇಗೆ "ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯರೇ ಪ್ರಪಂಚವೆಲ್ಲದರ ಒಳಿತಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣ" ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೋ ದೇವರೇ ಬಲ್ಲ.

ಇದು ಕೇವಲ ಭಾರತದ ಕಥೆಯಲ್ಲ. "White man's burden" ಎಂಬ ನೆಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲ ದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ತನ್ನ ಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿ ಸಂಪತ್ತನ್ನು ಕೊಳ್ಳೆ ಹೊಡೆದು, ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಮತವನ್ನು ಬಲವಂತವಾಗಿ ಹೇರಿತು. ಈ ದೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ನಿನಿಂದ ಸಹಾಯವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದು ಸತ್ಯ. ಆದರೆ ಈ ಸಹಾಯದ ನೂರರಷ್ಟು ಈ ದೇಶಗಳಿಂದ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ನಿಗೆ ಆಗಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದೂ ಅಷ್ಟೇ ಸತ್ಯ. ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಈಗ developed ದೇಶವಾಗಿರುವುದು ಭಾರತ ಮುಂತಾದ ದೇಶಗಳಿಂದ.

ಈಗ ನನ್ನ ಮುಂದೆ ಇರುವ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ - ಅಕಸ್ಮಾತ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ನಮ್ಮ ದೇಶವನ್ನು ಆಳದಿದ್ದರೆ ನಾವು ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಂದುವರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆವೇ? ನನ್ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಹೌದು, ಖಂಡಿತ. ಆದರೆ ನಮಗೆ ಅವಕಾಶವೇ ಸಿಗಲಿಲ್ಲವೇ!